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The Hearing Dictionary Online - P, Q, RA | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L Perforated Eardrum- an eardrum that has been ruptured by accident or disease. The reduction in hearing sensitivity usually amounts to about 5 or 10 dB. Perinatal - just before and after birth beginning approximately 28 weeks before birth and ending one to four weeks after birth Peripheral - located outside the central nervous system Phoneme - (1) one of the smallest units of speech (or class of phones) that distinguishes one word from another: e.g., p, b, and f in pan, ban, and fan. (2) hearing of imaginary voices Physiological Hearing Test - test of hearing where the measurement depends on a change in electrical response from the brain or skin Pinna - the most visible portion of the outer ear (the part that you can see). Cartilaginous structure located on the side of the head; also called the auricle. The pinna collects sounds from the environment and funnels them into the ear canal. Pitch - the perceptual or psychological impression of correlation to frequency on a scale, ranges from bass to treble Pitch, absolute - the ability to identify unerringly the fundamental frequency of a tone that is heard Play Audiometry - hearing testing during which a child is conditioned to perform an action in response to hearing a presented signal Pressure-equalization (PE) tubes - small devices placed in the eardrum to allow pressure to equalize in the middle ear. They are inserted through a small incision in the eardrum. Probe-microphone Measurements - assessment of the characteristics of hearing aid amplification near the tympanic membrane (eardrum) using flexible tubing connected to a small microphone (probe microphone). A miniature microphone typically connected to a soft silicone tube (probe tube) and inserted into the ear canal to perform real-ear measurements. Commonly used to measure the natural resonance of the unoccluded ear canal (for hearing aid selection) and the aided ear canal (for hearing aid adjustment). Profound deafness - extreme hearing impairment bordering on total deafness. A degree of loss so severe that hearing aid amplification must be supplemented by speechreading at all time to be effective. Numerically, it is generally considered to be an average of over 90 dB at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz audiometrically (ANSI). Pure Tone - a continuous sinusoid of a single frequency. Commonly used in basic hearing screening tests. Purulent - containing pus; pus-like liquid Quinine - in the past, quinine was responsible for producing sensorineural impairment, as it was a popular agent in the treatment of malaria and even the common cold. With the control of malaria, and the development of other drugs for treating malaria, quinine is no longer extensively used. Today, the drugs that are chiefly responsible for causing sensori-neural hearing loss are streptomycin, or more properly, dihydrostreptomycin, which has a toxic effect on the acoustic portion of the eighth nerve, neomycin and kanamycin. Range of comfortable loudness RCL - a range of sound pressure intensities that are subjectively comfortably loud for the individual. Real Ear Aided Response (REAR) - the sound pressure level, as a function of frequency, at a specific point in the ear canal for a specified soundfield, with a hearing aid in place and turned on. Primarily a measurement of the hearing aid's response, and used as a reference for insertion gain calculations. (REAR-REUR-REIG) Real-ear attenuation - a measurement of the amount by which ear protectors lessen sound pressure reaching the eardrum of a particular observer. It is expressed in decibels of difference between thresholds of audibility when the ears are open and when they are protected. Real Ear Insertion Response (REIR) - the difference, in decibels as a function of frequency, between the REUR and the REAR measurements taken at the same measurement point in the same soundfield. The Real Ear Insertion Gain (REIG) is the value, in decibels, of the REIR at a specific frequency. REIR is the amount of gain delivered to a patient wearing a hearing aid that they did not have before the hearing and fitting. real-ear gain - the additional sound pressure reaching the eardrum when a hearing aid is used - compared to the sound pressure reaching the eardrum without a hearing aid. syn: etymotic, orthotelephonic, or insertion gain (REIG). Real Ear Occluded Response (REOR) - the sound pressure level, as a function of frequency, at a specified point in the ear canal for a specified soundfield, with a hearing aid in place and turned off. Primarily a measurement of the effect of the placement of the hearing aid or earmold in the ear. Real Ear Measurement - an objective measurement used to verify a hearing aid fitting; this precise test evaluates the performance of a hearing aid in an individual's ear Real Ear Unaided Response (REUR) - the sound pressure level, as a function of frequency, at a specified point in the unoccluded ear canalfor a specified soundfield. Primarily a measurement of the resonance characteristics of the ear canal and the concha. Receiver - a device that converts (transduces) electrical impulses into sound waves (or signals). syn: earphone, speaker, transducer Reflex. acoustic - the reflex contraction of the intra-aural muscles (tensor tympani and the stapedius) in response to sound. syn: intraaural reflex; cochlear reflex; auditory reflex Relay Service - a service which allows people who cannot hear over the telephone to communicate with businesses and friends via an operator. Those people who have a telecommunication device for the deaf, TDD (also called TTY or TT), can transmit a typewritten message to the operator who, in turn, verbally relays the message to the intended party or vice versa Residential School for the Deaf - state/private schools providing a specialized setting for those with hearing impairment; these schools often have philosophical views aligned with the deaf community and believe in the importance of sign language. However, a few residential programs are oral/aural communication-based Rh Incompatibility - see Erythroblastosis fetalis Rubella - German measles; contagious viral disease characterized by swollen glands and small red spots on the skin. If contracted by the mother during the first trimester of pregnancy, can cause complications as well as hearing loss; however, rubella vaccination programs have significantly decreased its occurrence. A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L HearingCentreOnline.com would like to thank and acknowledge Starkey Labs and Siemens Hearing for their generous contributions of some of the definitions in this online dictionary of hearing terms. |
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